Iceal Hambleton

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Iceal E. Hambleton
Iceal gene hambleton.jpg
Iceal "Gene" E. Hambleton
Nickname Gene
Born (1918-11-16)November 16, 1918
Rossville, Illinois
Died September 19, 2004(2004-09-19) (aged 85)
Tucson, Arizona
Allegiance United States
Service/branch United States Air Force
Years of service 1943–1945; c1953-1973
Rank Lieutenant Colonel
Battles/wars World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
Awards Silver Star
Distinguished Flying Cross
Meritorious Service Medal
Air Medal
Purple Heart

Lieutenant Colonel Iceal E. "Gene" Hambleton, USAF (November 16, 1918 – September 19, 2004) was a United States Air Force navigator and electronic warfare officer who was shot down over South Vietnam during the 1972 Easter Offensive. He was aboard an EB-66 aircraft whose call sign was Bat 21.[1]:30 As the ranking navigator/EWO on the aircraft, he was seated immediately behind the pilot, giving him the call sign "Bat 21 Bravo". He survived for 11½ days behind enemy lines until he was retrieved in a daring ground operation. His rescue was the longest and most costly search and rescue mission during the Vietnam War.[2] He received the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal and a Purple Heart for his actions during this mission.

Pre-Vietnam years[edit source | edit]

Hambleton served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during the last years of World War II without seeing any combat. Released from active duty at the end of the war, he retained a Reserve commission and was recalled back to active duty by the U.S. Air Force during the 1950s. During the Korean War, he flew 43 sorties as navigator in a B-29 Superfortress.[3] He then worked during the 1960s on various USAF ballistic missile projects such as the PGM-19 Jupiter, Titan I ICBM and Titan II ICBM.[4]:66 From 1965 to 1971, Hambleton had commanded the 571st Strategic Missile Squadron at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base and had also been the deputy chief of operations for his squadrons parent unit, the Strategic Air Command's 390th Strategic Missile Wing at Davis-Monthan AFB.[3][4]:66

Vietnam years[edit source | edit]

Hambleton switched from the Strategic Air Command to the Tactical Air Command and was assigned to the 42nd Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron (42 TEWS) in Korat, Thailand as a navigator. The 42 TEWS was equipped with EB-66C/E Destroyer aircraft that flew radar and communications jamming missions to disrupt enemy defenses and early warning capabilities.[4]

The Bat 21 rescue[edit source | edit]

Main article: Rescue of Bat 21 Bravo

On his 63rd mission, on April 2, 1972, Hambleton was a navigator aboard an EB-66C gathering signals intelligence, including identifying enemy anti-aircraft radar installations, to enable jamming. The aircraft was helping escort a cell of three B-52 bombers tasked with attacking entrance passes to the Ho Chi Minh trail.[5] While just south of the DMZ and immediately north of Quang Tri at about 30,000 feet (9,100 m), the aircraft was destroyed by a Soviet-built SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.[6] Hambleton was the only one of the six-man crew able to eject.[7] He parachuted into the middle of the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive and landed in the midst of tens of thousands of North Vietnamese soldiers. His eventual rescue from behind enemy lines was the "largest, longest, and most complex search-and-rescue" operation during the entire Vietnam War.[2]

Hambleton had received water survival training at Homestead AFB, Florida, and escape and evasion training and survival basics at the Pacific Air Command Jungle Survival School in the Philippines.[4]:6 During the rescue operation, five aircraft were shot down, 11 air men were killed in action, and 2 were captured. Nine additional aircraft and helicopters were badly damaged during the rescue attempts.[8]:53 U.S. Army General Creighton Abrams finally ordered that no further air rescue operations should be attempted, but ordered a ground rescue operation.[9] Hambleton was a USAF ballistic missile expert with a Top Secret/SCI clearance and his capture by the North Vietnamese Army would have been of tremendous benefit to them and the Soviet Union.[2]:83[7] Hambleton said after the war that he felt sure if he were captured that he would never have been taken to Hanoi.[4]:84

Hambleton was finally rescued after 11½ days by U.S. Navy SEAL Lieutenant, junior grade Thomas R. Norris[2][10] and VNN commando Nguyen Van Kiet[9] in a daring, covert, night-time infiltration 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) behind enemy lines. Norris was awarded the Medal of Honor and Nguyen the Navy Cross. Nguyen was the only South Vietnamese naval officer given that award during the war. Hambleton was awarded the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal and a Purple Heart for his effort.[11]:277

In popular media[edit source | edit]

The story of Hambleton's evasion and rescue was told in the 1980 book, Bat 21, written by Air Force Col. William Charles Anderson.[12] This was followed by the dramatic 1988 movie, "Bat*21", starring Gene Hackman as Hambleton and Danny Glover as a forward air controller. A second book, The Rescue of Bat 21, based on a large amount of declassified information, was written by Col. Darrel D. Whitcomb and published in 1998. Whitcomb was a decorated pilot and from 1972 to 1974 a forward air controller based in Southeast Asia.[13]

Famous quotes[edit source | edit]

  • "I had to stand by and watch six young men die trying to save my life. It was a hell of a price to pay for one life. I'm very sorry." .[14]

See also[edit source | edit]

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References[edit source | edit]

  1. ^ Whitcomb, Darrel D. (1998). The rescue of Bat 21. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. p. 196. ISBN 1-55750-946-8. 
  2. ^ a b c d Zimmerman, Dwight Jon; Gresham, John. Beyond Hell and Back: How America's Special Operations Forces Became the World's Greatest Fighting Unit. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 320. ISBN 0-312-38467-X. 
  3. ^ a b "Lieutenant-Colonel Iceal Hambleton". London, England: The Times. October 1, 2004. Retrieved April 1, 2011. 
  4. ^ a b c d e Busboom, Lt. Col. Stanley (April 2, 1990). Bat 21: A Case Study. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College. Retrieved April 3, 2011. 
  5. ^ "Interdiction of Communist Infiltration Routes in Vietnam". CIA. 24 June 1965. 
  6. ^ "E/R/W/B-66 Production, Attrition and History". Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  7. ^ a b "Bio, Walker, Bruce C.". Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  8. ^ Stoffey, Col. Robert E.; Holloway III, Admiral James L. (September 5, 2008). Fighting to Leave: The Final Years of America's War in Vietnam, 1972-1973 (first ed.). Zenith Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-7603-3310-6. Retrieved March 29, 2011. 
  9. ^ a b Mack, Amy P. (July 26, 2010). "The Rescue of BAT-21". Retrieved March 27, 2011. 
  10. ^ Haseman, John B. (December 2008). "The Unsung Hero in the Amazing Rescue of Bat 21 Bravo". Vietnam (HistoryNet.com): 45–51. 
  11. ^ Murphy, Edward F. (2005). Vietnam Medal of Honor Heroes. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-345-47618-0. 
  12. ^ Anderson, William C.BAT-21 Prentice-Hall, 1980. ISBN 0-13-069500-9
  13. ^ McLellan, Dennis (27 September 27, 2004). "Bat 21 Rescue - Gene Hambleton, 85, His Rescue Depicted in 'Bat-21' Books, Film". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  14. ^ "Killed in action in Vietnam, James Alley returns a hero". May 7, 2010. 

External links[edit source | edit]

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